History of Baseball Worldwide - 1210 Words

To some, Baseball is just a sport, but to others, baseball is a way of life. In the United States, but young kids mostly coming from a Hispanic country and tend to do nothing except eat, sleep, and breathe the sport of baseball. The importance of the sport gives those kids a chance to make something to look forward to in their lives. The reason why parents push their kids so hard with baseball is so that those kids can have a chance to escape their life of poverty that their parents went through. Therefore, by playing baseball all day, everyday, which then gives them a chance. The exact place the sport of Baseball started is still being discuss be many historians, but some would say that it was In the United States, which is why baseball†¦show more content†¦If you are living in that community, most of the children there do not even have the opportunity to eat as much as they want or drink as much water as they want because of the lack of supplies. Since these necessities are not even being met, then going to school to get an education is out of the question. These kids are also too young and uneducated to try to do the jobs that pay well, so they have to live off spare change from people, which is why baseball is sometimes the most important thing in their life. From the time they are little, Hispanic boys (mainly in those three countries) are enticed by the dream of a professional career in baseball (â€Å"Ilovebaseball†, n.d). If you do not go to school and you live in a poor neighborhood, the only thing you really look forward to in the se areas is to be able to play the game of baseball. As a young boy (8-12), kids are beginning to practice for baseball full time. They completely do not even attempt to get an education because they are too focused on achieving their goal as a professional baseball player. While this is great for the boys that â€Å"make it,† becoming baseball stars with million-dollar major league contracts, the reality is that ninety-eight percent don’t. Sadly, these 18- and 19-year-old young men return home toShow MoreRelatedAmerica s National Pastime Of Baseball Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesSince its grand entry in the 19th century, baseball has evolved to be one of the most popular sport nationally and to be known as America’s national pastime. This multibillion dollar industry attracts millions of fans worldwide throughout different regions. The origin of baseball is believed to have evolved from a ball-and-bat game called Seker-Hemant played by ancient Egyptians datin g as far back as 2,500 BCE. 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The Differences of Teenagers in the 1940s Compared to Teenagers Today Free Essays

The Differences of Teenagers in the 1940s Compared to Teenagers Today Elizabeth Ann Murphy Keller Regional Gifted Center, Chicago Teacher: Sandra Cap â€Å"Teenager† was not even a word until the late 1940s. Zoot suits, bobby-soxers, soda shops, do not sound familiar. These were all things 1940 teenagers know. We will write a custom essay sample on The Differences of Teenagers in the 1940s Compared to Teenagers Today or any similar topic only for you Order Now A teenager’s life in the 1940s and today is extremely different in the areas of high school life and home life. If you stepped into a classroom in the 1940s, you might see girls making dresses and boys training hard in physical education. At Crane Technical High School, physical education was very important because the principal wanted to keep all of the boys in tiptop shape for war. At Lucy Flower High School for girls, the students studied hat making, laundering, and beauty culture. Also, schools that had sewing classes, had a fashion show at the end of the year where the boys and girls alike would fashion what they had made. According to the Chicago Teen Exhibit at the Chicago Historical Society, the reason these classes are so different from today is â€Å"many poor and immigrant families saw little value in studying subjects like Latin and Botany. Educators knew that young people and their parents would choose school over work only if it served a practical purpose. In response, schools offered vocational and commercial courses from dressmaking to bookkeeping. Growing numbers of young people soon filled technical schools†. Schools taught lessons in family life, hygiene, and health. According to Joel Spring this was because â€Å"What do we do with sixty percent of students who aren’t gaining anything from a college-prep curriculum? We will give them â€Å"life adjustment education†. In 1940, eight out ten boys who graduated from school went to war and more than half of the population of the United States had completed no more than eighth grade. In 1945 fifty-one percent of 17 year olds were high school graduates. Today, more than 13 million teenagers report to public high school classes across the United States. The Scholastics Aptitude Tests (SAT) began in 1941. They were used as a screening device for college admission and originally as an Army intelligence test. The SATs are a major part of today’s teenager’s life. To get into a good college, you eed to do well on the SAT, considering 60% of today’ s jobs require training beyond high school compared to just 20% in the 1940s. Today’s high school students take classes much different than the classes in the 1940s. They take classes such as English, Mathematics, Science (one Biology and one Physical Science), U. S. History, Civics, Economics, Physical Education, Health Education, and E lective, Art or Music or Vocational courses, Career and Technical Education, and a Foreign Language. At Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA), an advanced high school, students take math classes such as Mathematics Investigation I to MI IV. They study in-depth mathematics, and some students even work into the Calculus series of mathematics. IMSA has numerous classrooms, an auditorium, and a swimming pool. In the 1940s, St. Michaels High School had a dark room, a gymnasium, a swimming pool, horses (for horse back riding lessons), and a bowling alley. At St. Michaels, on the first floor, there was the gymnasium and the music room, on the second floor the cafeteria, and on the third floor, the library and the chemistry labs. This school is much like today’s high school except the horses. After school, in the 1940s, a teenager might go home, change clothes, and go to work. If your family was poor, you would work very hard after school or you did not even go to school, but worked all day, and all of your earnings would go to your family. There were not a lot of high-paying jobs available in Chicago during the 1940s. Bill Flanagan, a teenage boy during the 1940s, claims â€Å"My first official job, I got when I was 14. I was a bus boy at the restaurant on the South Side. I got $0. 25 an hour. Good money. I got $5 a week. Of course, you could take a girl out on a date for $5. Believe me, $5 was a lot of money. † Eva Kelley, a teenager in the 1940s, was a YMCA locker room attendant for $0. 6 an hour. Yvett Moloney, a young teenager during the late 940s, had a rare job working in a mail order house for $3. 50 a day, and she worked at a telephone company. Other jobs did in the 1940s include working at the YMCA and teaching swimming, working at a pizza place, and working at a warehouse. Anna Tyler, an African-American teenager during the 1940s, worked at the men’s club as a waitress, the office university club, Wiebolt’s as a clerk, and an elevator operator. Jerry Warshaw, a teenager in the 1940s, had numerous jobs: delivery boy at the fish market, a soda jerk, at the Treasury Department, and the post office. His most memorable job was an usher captain. He had 17 men under him and got paid $0. 45 an hour. Today we still have ushers, only they work in performance theaters and at sporting venues. Many teens today work at fast food restaurants and stores such as Jewel Osco and Walgreens. Today, most restaurants and grocery stores let teenagers work there as long as they are 16 or older. Many high school students today volunteer as well as have a job because service hours are required to graduate from high school. Because of World War II, there was rationing and victory gardens on the home front. There were scrap drives, war bond drives, and every sort of stamp for food or shoes. â€Å"The average gasoline ration was three gallons a week; the yearly butter ration twelve pounds per person, 26 percent less than normal; the yearly limit for canned goods thirty-three pounds, thirteen pounds under usual consumption levels; and people could buy only three new pairs of shoes a year†, according to historian Michael Uschan. Compare that to today. Today you can buy almost anything. â€Å"When traditionalists talk about the Family, they mean an employed Father, a stay at home mother, and two school-aged children. This profile only fits 5% of United States families today,† according to historian Letty Pogrebin. During the 1940s, teenagers and there parents were usually very close. Some parents who supported the war effort left there teenagers unattended. This caused â€Å"renewed social alarm about juvenile delinquency. To answer the crisis, social guidance films shown in the classroom presented scenarios meant to shape teen behavior into more acceptable forms†, according to a history of American education. From Zoot suits to baggy pants; from sewing classes to biology; from radios to television, a teenager’s life in the 1940s is very different from today. From Susan Ansell â€Å"High School. Education Week: High School Reform†edweek. org/context/topics;/ issuespage cfm? id+cfm? id+15, (Oct. 4, 2004); Stephen Feinstein â€Å"Decades of the 20th Century: the 1940s, from World War II to Jackie Robinson, Chicago Historical Society, â€Å"Teen Chicago†; Eva Kelle y interview, no date. (www. teenchicago. com); Yvett Mohony interview, (Nov 23, 2002); (www. teenchicago. com), Student Historian’s interview with Meghan Murphy, (Oct. 2, 2004); High School,‘‘ECS IssueSite: High School†, ecs. org/html/issue. asp? issueID=108 (Sept. 5, 2004); High School Curriculum Introduction, www. u46. k12. il. us/high_school_curriculum_introdu. html (Oct. 10, 2004); Sara Mondale and Sara B. Patton, School: The Story of American Public Education; Letty C. Pogrebin, Family politics, Love and Power on an Intimate Frontier; Sammy Skobel interview Nov. 22, 2003. (www. teenchicago. com); Tom Snyder, â€Å"Educational Attainment: Literacy From 1870 to 1979†, www. nces. ed. gov/naal/historicaldata/edattain. asap (Oct. 4, 2004); Michael V. Uschan; A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades the 1940s. ] How to cite The Differences of Teenagers in the 1940s Compared to Teenagers Today, Essay examples

Strategic Human Resource Management for Recruitment -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Human Resource Management for Recruitment. Answer: According to (Buchholz, 2011), when an organizations human resources planning is done, it signifies the fact that there is a requirement for more manpower and they have to take a few decisions and verify their options. The initial step is of recruiting and refining the selection, but employing the new candidates is not always as feasible as it looks when the organization is recruiting the required manpower. This paper contains the data, which analyses the recruitment procedures and various policies along with the selection process that exists in the Healthcare United. Healthcare United, which is believed to be the one of best healthcare units in Australia (Faculty Recruitment and Selection, 2013). They hire the finest professionals in healthcare industry. The aim is always to be the best one in Australia and it currently employs approximately 1600 professionals in NSW and VIC. They have been planning to expand their operations and open a unit in Hobart. The modifications have been provided to this organization by comparing it with the newly made Healthcare United (2010) and their recruitment and selection processes. This creates the requirement of new professionals and employees and hence the recruitment and selection procedures need to be revised for the organization. The critical areas of this process have been identified and are discussed below: Analyze the vacancies The policies framed back in 2010 are not very apt and accurate as per the current vacancies and its evaluation processes. The responsibilities pertaining to the policies have shifted to from the HR to the managers which do not meet the terms as compared to the present day legislation. Timeframes The first process timeframe currently is of 2 to 3 weeks which back in 2010 were a forecasted timeframe ranging from 2 to 4 days. Involvement of the personnel The involvement includes both the HR department and the managers. HR is accountable for the analysis of the vacancies which is somehow an outdated process. The contemporary scenario evidently supports the fact that manager should be allowed to cover up these processes (Weinstein, 2012). Documentation - The HR and the manager, both are responsible for the documentation of this process and they have to finalize and complete the permission to recruit form. Training and Support - Throughout the process of recruitment and selection, the HR is supported by the manager under the 2000 guidelines. However, 2010 guidelines should have been followed during the same. Motivating and evaluating Post permission to recruit from stage, which is finalized by the manager and the HR, the senior manager gives the final approval. The policies (2010) have been duly followed in this stage. Based on the strategic human resource management, the analysis of the critical areas should be done. The recruitment and selection policies should be in line with the current legislation so as to be accurate. (Weinstein, 2012) acknowledged the fact that all the obsolete policies are not beneficial for the strategic management during the hiring process for the organization. The current legislation needs to be duly considered for the analysis of the positions. The responsibility of hiring in the Healthcare organization should lie within the Human Resources department and not with the managers. The current legislation should always be considered for the formations of recruitment and selection processes and policies (Whitham and Duley, 2013). References Buchholz, L. (2011). Hiring the Right Person for the Job. Plastic Surgical Nursing, 31(3), pp.124-125. Faculty Recruitment and Selection. (2013). Higher Education Abstracts, 48(3), pp.179-179. Weinstein, D. (2012). The psychology of behaviorally-focused rsums on applicant selection: Are your hiring managers really hiring the right people for the right jobs?. Business Horizons, 55(1), pp.53-63. Whitham, D. and Duley, L. (2013). Evaluation of a site selection questionnaire for the recruitment of trial sites into multi-centre trials: experiences from the nottingham clinical trials unit. Trials, 14(Suppl 1), p.O30.

John Calvin

Early reformers dwelt on correcting mistakes in the Roman Catholic Church’s doctrines. This was a dangerous undertaking because it led to persecutions sometimes. The Roman Catholic Church had already split before John Calvin defected from it. He was, therefore, a second generation reformer. There is a controversy surrounding John Calvin’s birth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on John Calvin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Skoczylas (2001), Calvin was born in 1506. However other sources such as the Christian Classic Ethereal Library (CCEL) (n.d.) claim that he was born on 10th July 1509 in Noyon, France. In his early years, Calvin was educated by the Roman Catholic Church (CCEL, n.d.). However, in 1533, Calvin disengaged from the Roman Catholic Church after establishing contacts with people opposed to its teaching (Roxborogh, 2001). Reformers before him gave little thought to spreading th e word of God beyond the Christians strongholds. Calvin’s calling, therefore, embarked on correcting this mistake. His training on legal issues and his organization skills enabled him command a large and loyal following (Skoczylas, 2001). For that reason, Calvin’s teachings and writings form the foundation of many theological studies. This essay is, hence, a summary of the life of John Calvin and his impact on Christianity. Calvin spent his early life in a family of staunch Catholics. His father, actually, wanted him to join priesthood (CCEL, n.d.). CCEL (n.d.) adds that, as a fourteen year old, Calvin went to school at the college de Marche in Paris. This college was meant to prepare him for university studies. Before the end of 1523, he was forced to transfer his studies to College Montaigu (CCEL, n.d.). During his stay here, Calving started using the name Ioannis Calvinus. Ioannis Calvinus was the Latin form of the name John Calvin (CCEL, n.d.). As a student, most o f his personal effects were paid for by the Roman Catholic Church. For instance, his education was catered for in part by a few small parishes (CCEL, n.d.). He later relocated to Orleans to join a law school. Calvin completed his studies on civic law in 1532(CCEL, n.d.). In 1553, he disengaged from the Roman Catholic Church and began studying on his own before embarking on a number of Christian writings (Roxborogh, 2001). Finally, Calvin continued with his writing, preaching and lecturing until he met his death on 27th May 1564 (CCEL, n.d.). Haykin (2001) states that earlier reformers gave little thought to missions. It is obvious that they had no concern for oversees missions. These reformers were, therefore, not keen on capturing the minds of non-Christians. John Calvin defected from the Roman Catholic Church and started doing what most of the earlier reformers had not done. Through his writings, he advocated on advancing Christ’s kingdom to non-Christians (Haykin, 2001).Ad vertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although he toured other towns to spread the gospel, Calvin spent most of his life in Geneva (CCEL, n.d.).The bible says that the word of God should be preached in all towns, starting from Jerusalem. Calvin, perhaps, thought that Jerusalem had experienced enough and it was now time to establish missions elsewhere. According to Calvin, the advancement of the church depended on God’s mercy (Haykin, 2001). It is from this mercy that God created man as the noblest creature on earth. Therefore, man is endowed with intelligence and free will (Skoczylas, 2001). These kinds of teachings by Calving were meant to liberalize the Roman Catholics and free the minds of Protestants. For that reason, Calving was also credited with the establishment of a more democratic world. Alongside Lutherans and Anglicans teachings, Calvin’s ideas and examples were regarded highly by the Protestants (Roxborogh, 2001). It is, therefore, difficult for a protestant church to understand itself without reference to Calvin’s work. However, not all people welcomed his teachings. According to Wellman (n.d), Calvin is the most loathed theologian of the last 2000 years. His haters include many in the church and secular spheres. Calvin’s conversion from Roman Catholicism was sudden. In 1533, he developed friendship with Pierre Robert and Melchior Wolmar who were Protestant Reformers (Wellman, n.d). His new friends used lectures and writings to criticize the Roman Catholic Church. These teachings radicalized Calvin from a staunch Catholic to a vocal Protestant. Calvin was later accused of unorthodox behavior after helping Wolmar draft a speech that advanced protestant views. This forced him to leave Paris in 1533 to avoid persecution (Roxborogh, 2001). It can be concluded that early reformers gave little thought to missions beyond Chri stian strongholds. Calvin’s greatest impact on Christianity was, therefore, the establishments of missions in areas occupied by non-Christians. Calving endeavored to spread the word of God to the last part of the world. Additionally, he can also be credited with liberalizing the Christian mind. To date, Calvin’s teachings act as the base for the reformed and Presbyterian theological practices (Roxborogh, 2001). Many believe that Calvin taught most of the significant things about God (Roxborogh, 2001). Finally, it is practically impossible for a Protestant church to understand itself without reference to John Calvin’s work. References Christian Classic Ethereal Library. Biography of John Calvin: John Calvin-French reformer and theologian.  Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on John Calvin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Haykin, M. A. G. (2001). Reformation and revival: John calving missiona ry influence in France. A Quarterly Journal for Church Leadership10 (4), 1-7. Web. Roxborogh, J. (2001). John Calvin (1509-1564). Web. Skoczylas, A. (2001). Mr. Simson’s knotty case: divinity, politics, and due process in early eighteenth-century Scotland. McGill-Queen’s Press. Web. Wellman, S. Essential facts about John Calvin, as well as a very extensive reading list!  Web. This essay on John Calvin was written and submitted by user Violet D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Boondock Saints essays

Boondock Saints essays The film Boondock Saints by Troy Duffy compiles many religious and moral beliefs. It makes the viewer decide whether or not what happens is right or wrong. As a way to further complicate the issue, the brothers are staged as likeable guys on a mission from God. Troy Duffy expresses the two brothers as vigilantes ordained by God through his film techniques, symbolism, and religion. Throughout the film, religion plays a vital role. Even in the first scene, it begins with the Irish brothers attending mass on Saint Patricks Day. However, during the middle of the sermon, the brothers stride towards the front of the church to pray and kiss the body of Christ. It seemed like a natural event, something they do all the time. The Priest didnt stutter his words nor glance at the brothers, but carelessly continued with his story. It appeared as if the brothers were ready to start Gods plan, to kill all who s evil. Furthermore, after every kill the brothers would follow up with a prayer. Not any other prayer, but something unique. And Shepards we shall be, for thee my lord, for thee. Power hath descended forth from thy hand, that our feet may swiftly carry out thy command. We shall flow a river forth to thee, and teeming with souls shall it ever be. In nomine Patris, et Filius, Spiritus sanctus. It was a family prayer that both brothers based their lives upon. Moreover, the film techniques are very interesting within the Boondock Saints. Troy Duffy decides to start the film with a crane-shot high in the air. The shot resembles as if God is watching over South Boston and the McManus brothers. Hence the reason why the brothers begin to protect the city in Gods name. As well, the film includes multiple flash back scenarios. Before the viewer sees what happens, you get an idea of what might take place. Just like God, he already knows whats going to take place and now so do we. In addition, th...

Definition and Examples of Lowercase Letters in English

Definition and Examples of Lowercase Letters in English In the printed alphabet  and orthography, the term lowercase  (sometimes spelled as two words) refers to small letters (a,b,c . . .) as distinguished from capital letters (A,B,C . . . ). Also known as  minuscule  (from Latin  minusculus, rather small). The writing system of English (as in most Western languages) uses a dual alphabet or  bicameral scriptthat is, a combination of lowercase and uppercase letters. By convention, lowercase is generally used for the letters in all words except for the initial letter in  proper nouns  and in words that begin sentences. (For exceptions, see Names With Unusual Capitalization, below.) Origin and Evolution of Lowercase Letters Originally, lower case letters stood by themselves. Their forms derived from the penned Carolingian minuscule. The upper and lower case letters received their present form in the Renaissance. The serifs of the capitals, or upper case letters, were adapted to those of the lower case alphabet. The capitals are based on an incised or chiseled letter; the lower case characters are based on a pen-written calligraphic form. Now the two kinds of letters appear together. (Jan Tschichold, Treasury of Alphabets and Lettering. Norton, 1995)Upper and lower case? The term comes from the position of the loose metal or wooden letters laid in front of the traditional compositors hands before they were used to form a word- the commonly used ones on an accessible lower level, the capitals above them, waiting their turn. Even with this distinction, the compositor would still have to mind their ps and qs, so alike were they when each letter was dismantled from a block of type and then tossed back into t he compartments of a tray. (Simon Garfield, True to Type: How We Fell in Love With Our Letters. The Observer, October 17, 2010) Names With Unusual Capitalization Several coinages provide a new look to English spelling, especially with names. We have never seen anything before quite like the use of a lower-case initial for a brand-name, as in iPod, iPhone, iSense and eBay, or airline companies such as easyJet and jetBlue, and it is not yet clear how to handle them, especially when we want one of these words to begin a sentence. There are precedents for introducing a capital in the middle of a word (as in such names as McDonalds and chemical substances such as CaSi, calcium silicate), but brand names have hugely increased its everyday visibility, as seen in AltaVista, AskJeeves, PlayStation, YouTube and MasterCard. (David Crystal, Spell It Out. Picador, 2012)Brand names or names of companies that are spelled with a lowercase initial letter followed by a capital letter (eBay, iPod iPhone, etc.) need not be capitalized at the beginning of a sentence or heading, though some editors may prefer to reword. This departure from Chicagos former usage re cognizes not only the preferred usage of the owners of most such names but also the fact that such spellings are already capitalized (if on the second letter). Company or product names with additional, internal capitals (sometimes called midcaps) should likewise be left unchanged. (​The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed.The University of Chicago Press, 2010)  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Xerox or xerox? The dropping of the capital letter of the trademark is one piece of certain evidence that the trademark has indeed become generic...The OED [Oxford English Dictionary] lists XEROX both as capitalized, and in lower case, as well as a trademark and generic term: a proprietary name for photocopiers . . . also used loosely to denote any photocopy (20: 676). This definition points out clearly that xerox, either capitalized or in lower case, is used throughout the population as both a proper adjective and as a noun. (Shawn M. Clankie, Brand Name Use in Creative Writing: Genericide or Language Right? in Perspectives on Plagiarism and Intellectual Property in a Postmodern World, ed. Lise Buranen and Alice M. Roy. SUNY Press, 1999)A good rule to follow is that most trademarks are adjectives, not nouns or verbs. Use trademarks as modifiers as in Kleenex tissues or Xerox copiers. Similarly, trademarks are not verbsyou can copy on a Xerox machine, but you cannot xerox anything.(Jill B. Treadwell , Public Relations Writing. Sage, 2005) Pronunciation: lo-er-KAS Alternate Spellings: lower case, lower-case

EU Law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EU Law assignment - Essay Example had reviewed the role of the national courts and maintained that the spirit of the EC law would be harmed if individuals were deprived of availing themselves of redressal for damages suffered due to the infringement of EC law by national highest courts of last instance of the respective member states. The ECJ specified that the national courts that constitute the very last forum were truly the last judicial entities available to individuals. At that stage individuals attempt to assert the rights provided by Community law. Thus the judicial bodies that are in effect the last resort of individuals at the national level should invariably follow the provisions of Community law. The ECJ also pointed out that Article 234 EC is an indicator of the spirit of the Community and the Treaty Scheme that protects individual rights conferred by the Community law. Therefore, the national courts of last instance should not infringe Community law3. The ECJ’s ruling in Kobler paved the way to initiate elaborate discussions on several legislative issues concerning state liability. The Advocate General asserted that judges of national courts should not confine themselves to the national law alone, but that they have to act within the purview of the EC law, in order to maintain the spirit of the EC Treaty. This requires national judges to critically assess the scope of national law and the application of the EC law over national law, since EC law has supremacy over national law. Moreover, they have to ensure that their national law is in conformity with the Community law. This would result in the judges of the domestic courts, ignoring pieces of national legislation that were enacted lawfully under the national procedure for enacting laws, in order to give preference to EC law. In such situations the fundamental doctrine of separation of powers would have to be infringed. This role allotted to the judiciary is akin to the r ole allotted to the higher courts that have to uphold the

Where our food is grown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Where our food is grown - Essay Example There are many types of farm produce that are gotten from the markets or even the local grocery stores,these farm produce are either fresh fruits or vegetables.Vegetables and fresh fruits should always take up the largest part of healthy foods in a grocery list as they have vitamins,antioxidants, minerals and most of all they are generally low in calories. Some of these produce items include; Fresh vegetables & fruits Place of origin Potatoes Place of origin is south of Peru and the northeast of Bolivia. Peppers South central Bolivia. Peas Originates either from Northern India, Burma & N. Thailand. Lettuce Originates from lactuca serriolla found in the Mediterranean, Europe and Near East (Persia). Broccoli Northern European coast. Kales Greece Bananas Southeast Asia Grapes Germany Tomato Peru Apple Caucasus mountains of Asia Pears Europe Pineapple Paraguay Cabbages Serbia Table 1: Types of farm produces identified in the market In the United States, although many types of farm produc e are found, as they are great farmers and they produce a lot, there is still evidence of an unsatisfied demand. Even with the organic farming option, (the agricultural production system that is used mainly for the production or produce of fiber and food), the demand for fresh vegetables and fruits exceeds the supply, hence the dependence on imported food stuff (see table 1). All agricultural products (examples include: grains, fibers and flowers), are generally produced organically in the US but still more is imported from outside the US. Some of the farm produce that are found in the United States include: rice (produced for over 300 years and has three different types and they include: javanica, indica and japonica), oat (also known as Avena sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), oranges and tangerines. Others include: grapefruit, soybean, lemons, watermelons, bananas, limes, peanut, apples, sorghum, cotton, hay, strawberries, mangoes, peaches, plums, nectarines and corn (grain) (Ha ggett, 154). Produce that are traded by the united states to other countries The United States trade various produce with other countries; some of these products include: rice, wheat, grains, cotton, barley, tobacco, corn and soybean with the main export being cereal products. Importance of trade between states Interstate trade allows traders to interact more without barriers while ensuring that shortages in one state are met by the surplus in another state. It leads to controlled prices and because of the buffer it creates through the variety of products it avails in the markets to meet the demand in those markets. Other than meeting the demand, the trade will increase revenue collection in source countries which in itself motivates the suppliers to produce more for the export market. Since it is very hard for countries to depend on their own produce and services alone, interstate trade exploits the variety in human, natural, capital resources and extremely different techniques in other states thus making them equally capable of availing a variety of goods on demand by the local populace. Importance of global food trade Global food trade is important as countries do not generally have the major resources more so the capacity to generate the good amount of food that is needed by the citizens in a given country. Products cannot be produced everywhere as climate changes do differ between different countries and areas of states hence without the global food trade many countries will be deprived of various goods as they cannot produce them (without the global food trade people will just get the food indigenous that are available in their countries only). U.S. survival without global food trade The fact that the United States produces most food surplus does not mean that it can survive without the global food trade. The United States would not survive without the global food trade as it mostly depends on the money produced through the trade. It needs to trade with other count

Why Students of the School of Pharmacy Shift to Another Course Essay Example for Free

Why Students of the School of Pharmacy Shift to Another Course Essay Introduction Pharmacy is a course concentrating on drugs and patient care. With rapid advances being made in medicine, it is necessary for pharmacy students to encounter more pressure in studying and to be life-long learners after graduating from pharmacy school. Motivation is a psychological concept that refers to a person’s willingness to put effort in order to achieve educational goals and it is necessary in being sure of what you want. But there are cases that student’s motivation is degraded because they don’t want what they’re doing or taking up. There are maybe factors or reasons why students choose their course they didn’t want it at first but with this factors and reasons it may lead to the confusion of students during the period of that course and decides to shift. If you have decided to change because you don’t enjoy your current course, then you should be absolutely certain that you’ll enjoy the course you’re moving to. You should also be aware that changing course has significant negative consequences, you have to be certain that the change is worth it. Our aim is to know the different factors that affect the decision making of the students why they shift course after a year or two in pharmacy school. The researchers have chosen this study to know the reason why there are students shifting to other course in their early years or their later years. The researchers wanted to know what are the reasons as to why there are students, even though they know that is hard, still keep on going. Maybe the researchers might be able to postulate a better course outline that the students might be comfortable with. With this in mind, the researchers decided to create a survey so they can gather and come up with insight applicable to the students of Centro Escolar University Manila, School of Pharmacy. Setting of the study This study was conducted in Centro Escolar University Manila where it was established on June 3, 1907 by Doà ±a Librada Avelino and Doà ±a Carmen de Luna for the instruction and training of the youth in all branches of the arts and sciences. With some branches, a single blackboard and a few book, two educators steadfastly nurtured a dream of establishing a nationalistic center of learning for Filipino women. The first college that is Pharmacy, opened in 1921, the College of Liberal Arts, Education and Dentistry followed one after the other. Three years later, the College of Optometry was established. CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY: SEVENTY FIVE YEARS OF FILIPINISTIC EDUCATION A BRIEF HISTORY: Centro Escolar University was founded in 1907 by Doà ±a Librada Avelino, then a young woman of 24, together with Doà ±a Carmen de Luna, a close friend and associate, and Fernando Salas, a lawyer friend, who gave Doà ±a Ada encouragement and financial support. Originally and fittingly called Centro Escolar de Seà ±oritas, the institution offered an education program whose set-up and guiding philosophy are provided in Article IV of the by-laws governing the college: The purpose for which the corporation is constituted is the opening of primary, intermediate and secondary classes, and later on the collegiate departments, and the teaching of the subjects which refer to physical, intellectual, moral and civic training of the individual. The constitution and the by-laws of the Centro Escolar de Seà ±oritas was approved on June 10, 1910, three years after its establishment. The educational philosophy of the founder is reflected in the academic and civic training she and her colleagues gave the students. Their participation in civic public events had always been one of the typical characteristics of the pedagogy of Doà ±a Ada. It was her aim to bring out the Filipino woman from her femininity and respect for valued tradition. Doà ±a Ada practically shouldered the entire responsibility for the successful administration of the school from the date of its founding to her death on November 9, 1934. (She was succeeded by Doà ±a Carmen, who continued the work left by her co-founder until the former’s death on November 4, 1962. From 1962 to her death on December 10, 1973, Mrs. Pilar Hidalgo Lim, educator and civic leader, was president of the University. Mrs. Lim’s administration was characterized by expansion in enrollment and infrastructure development). During the early stage, Doà ±a Ada was assisted by her co-founder, Doà ±a Carmen, who was sub-directress and dean of discipline; by Margarita Oliva, Doà ±a Ada’s cousin, who served as administrator; by Maria Francisco, (later to become Mrs. Villaceran), first Filipino woman-lawyer, who was the first secretary of the Centro Escolar University; and by Felisa B. Francisco, who served as the first treasurer of the Centro Escolar de Seà ±oritas. Among the first faculty members of the Centro Escolar were Josue Soncuya lawyer, educator; Manuel Revago – eminent orator and man oof letters; Alberto Campos – former captain of the Spanish Army. Later, two of the stalwarts joined the pioneer. Miss Generosa de Leon, an AB graduate of CEU (1910), served as Registrar and Treasurer from 1921 up to her death on October 11, 1962. Conception A. Aguila joined the Centro Escolar de Seà ±oritas as kindergarten teacher in 1921, then served subsequently as high school teacher, college instructor, principal and supervisor. At the time of her death on September 6, 1959, Dr. Aguila was legal and educational consultant, executive director and dean of the Graduate School. The Centro Escolar University has now a kindergarten school, an elementary school, a high school, 12 colleges and a graduate school. The years of their founding are as follows: 1907-Kindergarten, elementary, general secondary, music and home arts course 1911-Two-year high school commercial course 1917-Three-year domestic science course. Not long afterwards this was made a 4-year course 1921-College of Pharmacy 1924-College of Liberal Arts and College of Education 1925-College of Dentistry 1926-Graduate School 1928-College of Optometry (the first college of Optometry in the Philippines) 1930-College of Music 1948-College of Social Work 1958-College of Food and Nutrition 1960-College of Medical Technology 1963-College of Chemistry 1975-College of Nursing The Centro Escolar University has grown from 123 students in 1907 to the present close to 18,000 on all levels in three campuses. A number of changes have taken place since its founding in order to meet the demands of the fast changing society. In all of these changes, however, the administrators have always been guided by the Founder’s philosophy of moderate modernism and progressive Filipinism captured in the motto: ciencia y virtud. It has also a branch in Tambo, Paraà ±aque, Rizal. Founded in 1954 as Baclaran High School, the CEY branch is now named Generosa de Leon Memorial School in memory of the late â€Å"Maestra Osang†, former registrar and treasurer of Centro Escolar University. Another branch was opened in Malolos, Bulacan in 1978 in response to the national call to decongest Metro Manila. The fourth president of the Centro Escolar University and its first male president is Mr. Dionisio C. Tiongco. In his inaugural address on May 4, 1974, President Tiongco committed the University to a greater invovlment in the national’s affair. He spoke of two general directions to achieve this goal; first to enable the University to do a better job as an institution of learning, he wholeheartedly supported the idea of consortiums. Second, he encourage the search for innovations which are responsive to the needs of the times. As a result, Centro Escolar University has started to offer non-degree work-oriented and technical courses in order to respond to a specific need. He further pledged to continue the pursuit of excellence in the standards of instruction and research of the University. The understanding and appreciation of Philippine life and culture has always been the underlying motivation behind most of the University research projects and cultural presentations. In depth studies of Filipino culture groups and of basic rural communities abound in the University research literature. The outstanding University publications treat of the Filipino family in its rural and urban orientation and of the food culture of the Filipinos. Recently completed in an NSDB-sponsored research on the Filipino adolescents in the rural and urban setting. The credit of pioneering in the presentation of opera in Filipino goes to CEU. Over the years, some of the University opera presentations are original works like Hinilawod, Mariang Makiling, Princesa Urduha, and Pilipino translation of the classic opera pieces like Aida, Carmen, Mignon, Lucia at Lammermoor, Tales of Hoffman, Merry Wives of Windsor, La Traviata, Rigoletto and Un Ballo in Mashera. BIBLIOGRAPHY JOURNALS AND MAGAZINES Hastings, Jan K., et. al. â€Å"Pharmacy Students Motivation†, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, vol.65 (Fall 2001) ELECTRONIC SOURCES How Hard is Pharmacy from http://www.pharmdprograms.orglis-pharmacy-school-hard/ What it Takes To Get A Pharmacy Degree from http://www.life123.com/career-money/careers/pharmacy/pharmacy-degrees.shtml What To Consider Before Becoming A Pharmacist from http://www.life123.com/carrer-money/careers/pharmacy/becoming-a-pharmacist.shtml Five Things to Consider Before Shifting Courses from http://www.ormahighlights.com/2012/07/five-things-to-consider-before-shifting-course/ Shifting College Course from http://www.sharedreviews.com/article/shifting-college-courses Changing Course at University from http://www.studentroom.co.uk/wiki/changing-course Why Do Students Shift Course from http://www.mylot.com/w/discusion/1601353.aspx Impact Of A Gender Shift On A Profession from http://www.forumpublicpolicy.com/archive07/gardner.pharmacy.pdf Significance of the study The study will answer administrator, teachers in School of Pharmacy as to why pharmacy students choose to shift rather than finish the course. We will know the subjects that make students decide to shift. Knowledge of this will greatly help them be responsible to adopt earlier to decrease failing grades in the subject, thereby reducing the shifters of pharmacy. If we will know the reason why students of pharmacy shift, we might be able to make a course outline to prevent the shifting of pharmacy student.

Genhis Khan The Great Essay -- essays research papers

His name struck anguish in the hearts across Asia, yet he remains an icon to the people of Mongolia. He could slay thousands without flinching. He was considered one of the most barbaric people ever, yet he ruled fairly. He gave his enemies one simple choice: surrender and be enslaved, or die. By consistently enforcing discipline, rewarding skill and allegiance, and punishing those who opposed him, he established a vast empire. His empire was far greater than Alexander the Great. Meet the man behind the myths, the incomparable Genghis Khan. Yisugei was relived after his son, Temujin was born. The chief thought that the boy was going to be a worthy successor to his throne. Temujin had a fire in his eye according to the people of the town. By the time he was four, he was already using a bow and arrow set. He was very good because he practiced for hours everyday. By the time he was seven he was excellent in battle skills. However tragedy struck that year. Yisugei was murdered by a local tribe. His family tried to overcome it but the people left the tribe and joined other tribes. A few people stayed but they also left after a while. Temujin and his family lived off berries, animals, and plants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temujin started working harder on his archery. He was one of the best in the land by the time he was eleven. By eleven seventy-three, Temujin had risen, he became chief of a tribe. People noted how fierce he was and how he had no mercy. He was engaged to Botei in eleven seventy-five. They were married in eleven seventy-eight. After the marriage, a tribe kidnapped Botei. Temujin was outraged. He attacked the tribe and slaughtered them all. This was the first time when Temujin killed everyone in a tribe. He showed the world his bad side. He rescued Botei in eleven-eighty and she never fell under any more harm again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Following the massacre of the tribe, Temujin killed his half-brother. He found out that his brother was a spy for a local tribe. With the massacre and the murder of his brother, people knew that Temujin was not joking around. People started getting scared of Temujin. The fear that they had would not disappear until they died.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temujin kept on conquering local lands. He was enthroned Genghis Khan is 1206. Genghis Khan means “strong ruler.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...hat he ruled because he was feared so much and it is not good if a leader is feared. People were initially scared of the Khan but after time the loyal people were not scared. The Khan was very easy to get along with only if a person was loyal to his cause.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All though he was a fierce man with strict rules, he was very loving. He cared for his people. He helped everyone he could. He would let himself starve if another person needed food. If a disaster struck he rushed supplies to the area. He gave many people, food and money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temujin is not known as much as other leaders. When people think of leaders, Temujin usually doesn’t appear in their minds. He was one of the greatest leaders of all time, if not the greatest. He unified all of Asia, with his massive empire. He punished those who disobeyed him and rewarded the highly skilled. He shared his things with the common people. His legend is still intact. The Mongolians are full of pride when someone mentions Genghis Khan. “Eternal Heaven chose Genghis Khan and his descendants and made us a gift of the whole Earth, from east to west.'; (Ratchnevsky, 159)

Fiction Analysis of a&P and the Lesson

The theme of desire has been portrayed in many novels and stories. Perhaps the most well-known depiction of desire can be found in the Bible. In the Book of Genesis, a snake tempts Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit of the Tree of Knowledge after he convinces them that they will gain God’s knowledge of good and evil and be protected from death. Despite God’s word to not eat of the fruit, Adam and Eve did so anyway. Surely, this story portrays temptation; however, beyond the theme of temptation lays the theme of desire.Knowing it was wrong, Adam and Eve ate the fruit because they had the desire for what the snake promised them. Similarly, Toni Cade Bambara and John Updike also display the theme of desire in their short stories. In â€Å"The Lesson† by Bambara and â€Å"A&P† by Updike, character, setting, and point of view are utilized to project the theme of desire. Though â€Å"The Lesson† and â€Å"A&P† take place in vastly different en vironments, a ghetto in New York and a quaint New England sea-side town, respectively, little separates the symbolic meaning of the setting.The protagonists of both short stories really have no yearn to be in their current surroundings. Sylvia in â€Å"The Lesson† describes her neighborhood as foul smelling. It was so bad â€Å"you couldn't halfway play hide-and-seek without a goddamn gas mask† (Bambara 1). Likewise, Sammy in â€Å"A;P† compares the costumer at his checkout lane to a witch. Within the first few paragraphs of both stories, one can tell that both Sylvia’s and Sammy’s atmospheres are not what they wish. Both the ghetto in which Sylvia lives and the grocery store in which Sammy works symbolize misery.Through the tone of the characters, one can gather that neither is happy and they wish for something greater. Without these particular settings that Bambara and Updike chose, the stories would have no meaning. For instance, if Bambara set Sylvia in a prestigious and wealthy neighborhood, there would be no narrative. â€Å"The Lesson† then would be a useless tale of a girl’s trip to a toy store. No underlying themes or symbols would be present. The setting is very important in both stories in that it defines not only the plot, but the characters themselves.Sylvia and Sammy are products of their environments. Being in an unpleasant environment would definitely put any individual on edge. Because both characters are unhappy with their surroundings, both are quite cynical. Aside from comparing one customer to a witch, Sammy also refers to others as â€Å"sheep† and points out â€Å"house-slaves in pin curlers† (Updike 3). Sylvia is also cynical in the way she talks of Miss Moore. At a point, Sylvia states that she is a â€Å"nappy-head[ed] bitch†, which in no means is a proper way for anyone, let alone a child, to speak (Bambara 1).Despite being so cynical, the reader finds that both ch aracters have another side as well. When faced with desire, Sylvia’s and Sammy’s mannerism changes. The reader sees Sylvia in a whole new way when she sets eyes on the fiberglass sailboat. In fact, Sylvia’s entire persona changes. Not only is she dumbfounded by the price of the sailboat, but she is awestruck by its greatness. She grows quite mad about the price; nonetheless, this is the beginning of the change of her character and train of thought. This is where she realizes the economic imbalance of the world.Similarly to how Sylvia was taken by the sailboat, Sammy is captivated by the girls’ physical appearance, especially Queenie. This is made evident by the imagery of the text from his physical description of them. Bambara and Updike especially, quite effectively use the characters’ point of view to further engage the reader to explore for theme. In â€Å"A;P† and â€Å"The Lesson†, both protagonists narrate the story in first per son. This is especially important because the reader better connects with the character. One can better relate when they feel as if they are part of the plot.With Updike’s combination of first person point of view and powerful imagery, one not only feels like they are there, but they can picture it as well. The reader can visualize the girls walking through the maze of isles in the store. Every detail Updike sketches is important, even the â€Å"two smoothest scoops of vanilla† Sammy sees in Queenie’s top-piece (Updike 6). This tells the reader that Sammy is not an experienced lover. He is running wild with his thoughts and can barely control himself. Sammy is enthralled by Queenie and the other girls.So much, in fact, that he quits his job after Lengel, the manager, ridicules the girls about wearing proper attire when entering a grocery store. This particular event shows the true desire Sammy has for these girls and their attention. Likewise, Sylvia has a true desire to change her ascribed status. The reader sees this when Sylvia states â€Å"ain't nobody gonna beat me at nuthin† at the end of the story (Bambara 6). Sylvia becomes a dynamic character with this statement. Influenced by her desire for the Fifth Avenue world, like purchasing the sailboat, Sylvia makes a vow that she is going to change.She has the desire to leave the ghetto, to be something greater than the ghetto. She is going to strive for the rewards of Fifth Avenue she so much desires. Although the central theme of â€Å"The Lesson† and â€Å"A&P† may be something more than desire, Updike and Bambara definitely portray it through setting, character, and point of view. Perhaps even more interesting are the characters themselves. They seem almost life-like because of their relatability. It is conceivable that the protagonists in these stories by Updike and Bambara are the authors themselves.Toni Cade Bambara grew up in Harlem, a setting very close to th at found in â€Å"The Lesson† (Schirack) and John Updike lived in a seaside-town in Massachusetts, eerily similar to the setting of â€Å"A&P† (Moyer). It is very possible that these short stories contain characters based off the authors. It is also quite possible that these stories are actual life events that occurred while the two were still living. It is certainly very interesting to think about the fact that the characters could be linked to the authors in some way and what other influences life events may have had on other pieces by the authors.Works Cited Bambara, Toni Cade. â€Å"The Lesson. † Blackboard. ed. ENG 102-329. Ed. Gina Yanuzzi. Mount Laurel: BCC, Spring 2013. 1-6. Electronic. Moyer, Steve. â€Å"John Updike Biography. †Ã‚  Neh. gov. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. Schirack, Maureen. â€Å"Toni Cade Bambara. †Ã‚  Voices From the Gaps, University of Minnesota. Ed. Lauren Curtright. N. p. , 11 Aug. 2004. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. Updike, John. â€Å"A&P. † Blackboard. ed. ENG 102-329. Ed. Gina Yanuzzi. Mount Laurel: BCC, Spring 2013. 1-8. Electronic.

Comment of the way Blake uses imagery in Songs of Innocence andSongs of Experience Essay

Comment of the way Blake uses imagery in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience to give different perspectives on the human condition. Blake portrays very different views on the human condition in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by using imagery. He uses different sorts of imagery to build a picture in the readers mind. Blake may intend to use language to associate words to a larger picture, perhaps by using connotations. This method adds a lot of depth and meaning to the poem. An example of this can be found in ‘LONDON’. The use of the word ‘blackning’ may appear simple and straighforward, yet Blake may of intended this word to have several meanings. Black is a sinister colour which may be associated with evil, as well as suggesting Londons filth. This foreboding connotation would complement the poems tone and imply rather pessimistic views on the human condition. Blake often uses bold and striking descriptions, which appeal to the readers imaginations and often helps them relate to the poems setting, characters, or overall meaning on a more personal level. In ‘Nurse’s Song’, Blake builds an idealised setting in the readers mind. This gives a happy and postive view on life, by describing a setting typical of dreams, or fairy stories in which evil is non-existent. This is a huge contrast from the descriptive language used in poems from Songs of Experience. Here, stronger and perhaps more realistic and brutal images are portrayed. For example, in ‘The Tyger’, the first two lines set a very specific scene. ‘Forests of the night’ is a fairly simple yet strikingly threatening line. A dark forest is the place the reader would least like to be, especially accompanied by a tiger. The use of alliteration, ‘burning bright’ emphasises the harsh and strong ‘b’ sound, and helps set the scene. Perhaps this use of the word burning is supposed to put the idea of hell into the readers mind. The physical and mechanical language used later on is extremely vivid, and one cannot help associating this with the industrial revolution, which would of been occuring at the time Blake wrote his poems.

Opposition to the War of 1812 From Americans

Opposition to the War of 1812 From Americans When the United States declared war against Britain in June 1812, the vote on the declaration of war in the Congress was fairly close, reflecting how unpopular the war was to large segments of the American public. Though one of the main reasons for the war had to do with the rights of sailors on the high seas and the protection of American shipping, the senators and representatives from the maritine states of New England tended to vote against the war. Sentiment for war was perhaps strongest in the western states and territories, where a faction known as the War Hawks believed that the United States could invade present day Canada and seize territory from the British. The debate about the war had been going on for many months, with newspapers, which tended to be highly partisan in that era, proclaiming pro-war or anti-war positions. The declaration of war was signed by President James Madison on June 18, 1812, but for many that did not settle the matter. Opposition to the war continued. Newspapers blasted the Madison administration, and some state governments went so far as to essentially obstruct the war effort. In some cases opponents to the war engaged in protests, and in one noteworthy incident, a mob in Baltimore attacked a group which opposed the war. One of the victims of the mob violence in Baltimore, who suffered serious injuries from which he never fully recovered, was the father of Robert E. Lee. Newspapers Attacked the Madison Administration Move Toward War The War of 1812 began against a backdrop of intense political battling within the United States. The Federalists of New England were opposed to the idea of war, and the Jeffersonian Republicans, including President James Madison, were very suspicious of them. A huge controversy broke out when it was revealed that the Madison administration had paid a former British agent for information on Federalists and their suspected connections to the British government. The information provided by the spy, a shady character named John Henry, never amounted to anything that could be proven. But the bad feelings engendered by Madison and members of his administration influenced partisan newspapers early in 1812. Northeastern newspapers regularly denounced Madison as corrupt and venal. There was a strong suspicion among the Federalists that Madison and his political allies wanted to go to war with Britain to bring the United States closer to the France of Napoleon Bonaparte. Newspapers on the other side of the argument argued that the Federalists were an English party in the United States that wanted to splinter the nation and somehow return it to British rule. Debate over the war - even after it had been declared - dominated the summer of 1812. At a public gathering for the Fourth of July in New Hampshire, a young New England attorney, Daniel Webster, gave an oration which was quickly printed and circulated. Webster, who had not yet run for public office, denounced the war, but made a legal point: It is now the law of the land, and as such we are bound to regard it. State Governments Opposed the War Effort One of the arguments against the war was that the United States was simply not prepared, as it had a very small army. There was an assumption that state militias would bolster the regular forces, but as the war began the governors of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts refused to comply with the federal request for militia troops. The position of the New England state governors was that the president of the United States could only requisition the state militia to defend the nation in the event of an invasion, and no invasion of the country was imminent. The state legislature in New Jersey passed a resolution condemning the declaration of war, terming it inexpedient, ill-timed, and most dangerously impolitic, sacrificing at once countless blessings. The legislature in Pennsylvania took the opposite approach, and passed a resolution condemning the New England governors who were opposing the war effort. Other state governments issued resolutions taking sides. And it is clear that in the summer of 1812 the United States was going to war despite a large split in the country. A Mob in Baltimore Attacked Opponents of the War In Baltimore, a thriving seaport at the beginning of the war, public opinion generally tended to favor the declaration of war. In fact, privateers from Baltimore were already setting sail to raid British shipping in the summer of 1812, and the city would eventually become, two years later, the focus of a British attack. On June 20, 1812, two days after war was declared, a Baltimore newspaper, the Federal Republican, published a blistering editorial denouncing the war and the Madison administration. The article angered many citizens of the city, and two days later, on June 22, a mob descended on the newspapers office and destroyed its printing press. The publisher of the Federal Republican, Alexander C. Hanson, fled the city for Rockville, Maryland. But Hanson was determined to return and continue publishing his attacks on the federal government. With a group of supporters, including two notable veterans of the Revolutionary War, James Lingan and General Henry Lee (the father of Robert E. Lee), Hanson arrived back in Baltimore a month later, on July 26, 1812. Hanson and his associates moved into a brick house in the city. The men were armed, and they essentially fortified the house, fully expecting another visit from an angry mob. A group of boys gathered outside the house, shouting taunts and throwing stones. Guns, presumably loaded with blank cartridges, were fired from an upper floor of the house to disperse the growing crowd outside. The stone throwing became more intense, and windows of the house were shattered. The men in the house began shooting live ammunition, and a number of people in the street were wounded. A local doctor was killed by a musket ball. The mob was driven to a frenzy. Responding to the scene, the authorities negotiated the surrender of the men in the house. About 20 men were escorted to the local jail, where they were housed for their own protection. A mob assembled outside the jail on the night of July 28, 1812, forced its way inside, and attacked the prisoners. Most of the men were severely beaten, and James Lingan, an elderly veteran of the American Revolution, was killed, reportedly by being struck in the head with a hammer. General Henry Lee was beaten senseless, and his injuries probably contributed to his death several years later. Hanson, the publisher of the Federal Republican, survived, but was also severely beaten. One of Hansons associates, John Thompson, was beaten by the mob, dragged through the streets, and tarred and feathered. Lurid accounts of the Baltimore riot were printed in American newspapers. People were particularly shocked by the killing of James Lingam, who had been wounded while serving as an officer in the Revolutionary War and had been a friend of George Washington. Following the riot, tempers cooled in Baltimore. Alexander Hanson moved to Georgetown, on the outskirts of Washington, D.C., where he continued to publish a newspaper denouncing the war and mocking the government. Opposition to the war continued in some parts of the country. But over time the debate cooled off and more patriotic concerns, and a desire to defeat the British, took precedence. At the end of the war, Albert Gallatin, the nations treasury secretary, expressed a belief that the war had unified the nation in many ways, and had lessened a focus on purely local or regional interests. Of the American people at the end of the war, Gallatin wrote: They are more Americans; they feel and act more as a nation; and I hope that the permanency of the Union is thereby better secured. Regional differences, of course, would remain a permanent part of American life. Before the war had officially ended, legislators from the New England states gathered at the Hartford Convention and argued for changes in the U.S. Constitution. The members of the Hartford Convention were essentially federalists who had opposed the war. Some of them argued that states which had not wanted the war should split from the federal government. The talk of secession, more than four decades before the Civil War, did not lead to any substantial action. The official end of the War of 1812 with the Treaty of Ghent occurred and the ideas of the Hartford Convention faded away. Later events, events such as the Nullification Crisis, the prolonged debates about slavery in America, the secession crisis, and the Civil War  still pointed to regional splits in the nation. But Gallatins larger point, that the debate over the war ultimately bound the country together, had some validity.

Blacks Of The Bible Essay Research Paper

Blacks Of The Bible Essay, Research Paper Blacks of the Bible Any effort to set up a universally recognized statement as to the presence of inkinesss in the Old Testament would be futile for several grounds. First, current definitions of a black or Negro individual may differ greatly dependent on the context of their use, and hence any survey aimed to demo the presence of inkinesss in the Bible would be limited to the definition used by either the writer or the reader of such a survey. Besides, the construct of race defined on a footing of skin colour entirely has been the comparatively immature creative activity of the Euro-centric western universe, station seventeenth century. Due to this fact, it is sometimes hard to find clearly the race of assorted peoples or individuals in the Bible ; the people of scriptural times do non portion the same construct of race that we carry today. In fact the Hebrew peoples themselves seem non to be of a pure racial strain of any colour, but instead the family tree of the Hebrew people, as will be shown subsequently, seems to be scattered with interracial matrimonies and people of most all races including the Negro race. Therefore, it is non my effort with this essay to show an thorough or important history of all the black peoples and individuals in the Old Testament. Rather it was my hope to get down to research the significance people of the Negro race clasp in these ancient texts, to happen out the function that these people held in the rise and autumn of the Hebrew state, and the portion that was played by Negroes in the working out of God? s will for his people. The history that I will supply is based most mostly on similar surveies presented by Afro-american scriptural bookmans Cain Hope Felder and Charles B. Copher. However, I have non taken the words of these work forces without a grain of salt, and I was certain to read their survey with their book in one manus and the Bible in the other. What I found was that people of dark tegument played an of import function in merely about every coevals dating about back to God? s creative activity of adult male. I had expected to happen a few scattered mentions to African peoples or a few random histories of persons who had traveled from the African continent, but my survey revealed that people of dark tegument, who really good may be considered black by today? s racial criterions, were found scattered about the states of the ancient universe. Beginnings of the Negro Race One of the first or most obvious inquiries that may be asked when get downing to look for the presence of inkinesss in the Old Testament is with respect to the beginning of dark skinned races. A logical topographic point to get down this hunt may be in the tabular array of states presented in Genesis 10:1-14 and once more listed in 1 Histories 1:8-16. This list begins with Noah and histories for the dispersing of his boies to get down repopulating the Earth after the great inundation history in Genesis. In this tabular array of states we find that two of the named boies of Ham are known dark skinned races. These being the posterities of Cush and the posterities of Canaan. The most normally accepted ground for the sudden visual aspect dark tegument within the family tree is related to the expletive Noah set upon Ham in Genesis 9:25-27. Although non explicitly stated in the text, it is by and large accepted that Ham? s tegument was turned dark as a consequence of this expletive, and hi s posterities were so destined to transport the same grade. There are, nevertheless, other hypotheses for the beginning of the black races. The first of these theories, expressed in antediluvian Babylonian myth, suggests that Ham defiled himself in a sexual act with the Canis familiaris while on the Ark. For this act of befoulment, expletives were placed on both the Canis familiaris and Ham. Ham? s expletive was that he and his posterities would be black-skinned. The following theory suggests that the Negro race really began back with Adam and Eve? s foremost boy Cain, who was turned black by the ashes of his inappropriate offering to God. The theory that Cain was in fact the male parent of the Negro race was a slightly prevailing idea among Europeans back every bit far as the twelfth century, and perchance farther as Cain? s posterities are depicted as black skinned in the narrative of Beowulf. However, this theory has merely been made philosophy in the Mormon church. This theory is closely tied to the narrative of Ham, by proposing that Ham took a descendent of Cain as his married woman, thereby bring forthing dark skinned offspring in Cush and Canaan. Still others theorize that the tabular array of states shown in Genesis and 1 Corinthians is a list of states that is merely inclusive of the states within the range of cognition of the writer, and in fact all of the races listed there are Caucasoid races. Among those excluded from this list would be the Indians, Chinese, Mongolians, Malaysians, and the Negroes. The theory suggests that there were other races of independent line of descent that were unknown to the writer at the clip of the Hagiographas. It seems that this would be strongly discredited by the established ideal that the great inundation was intended to pass over all people from the Earth, salvage Noah? s household. It would thereby be assumed that all races of the Earth are descendent of Noah. Whatever the account for the beginning of dark skinned races, Negro people clearly have been descendent of Noah? s boy Ham, and it is told in Genesis that Ham? s offspring were those who settled and built such great ancient metropoliss as Babylon, Nineveh, Sodom, and Gomorrah. In the Patriarchal Period Harmonizing to Genesis 11:31 Abraham, so Abram, was born and raised in the metropolis of Ur of the Chaldeans, whose dwellers included many dark skinned people descendant most likely from Babylonian colonists. Included among these people were the Sumarian people who referred to themselves as the # 8220 ; black headed 1s, # 8221 ; indicative of tegument colour non merely black hair. Abram took his married woman Sarai while still populating in Ur. Granted there is no expressed indicant that either Abraham or his married woman was born into a household with Negro heritage, but the great black presence in the part of his household? s beginning surely means that one must at least entertain that possibility. So it would be sensible to believe that the great patriarch himself, the male parent of the Hebrew people, may hold had some black blood in him. Regardless of the presence of Negro blood in Abraham? s line of descent it is surely clear that he had much contact with dark skinned people in the clip that he and Sarah spent in Egypt and Canaan. Both of these countries were settled by the posterities of Ham, and were inhabited most mostly by dark skinned people. Abraham and Sarah took an Egyptian housemaid named Hagar when they headed to Canaan, out of Egypt. It was subsequently through the Egyptian, Hagar, that Abraham bore his first boy Ishmael. Because Ishmael was born outside God? s compact with Abraham, he and his female parent were finally sent off, but they settled in the part merely E of Egypt and it is by and large believed that he took an Egyptian married woman and fathered the Arab race. In Egypt and the Exodus Egypt was a land of people of all colourss, but it has become more and more evident in recent scholarship that the great state of Egypt has been more a derived function of the African states descendant of Cush than of any in-between eastern peoples. In add-on to this, although most Egyptians were non as dark skinned as their Ethiopian neighbours to the South, the huge bulk of Egyptians had adequate black blood in them that they would surely hold been considered Negroes by most any definition used today. This fact is merely reinforced by the observation that the Psalms repeatedly poetically refer to Egypt as # 8220 ; the land of Ham # 8221 ; ( Ps. 78:51, 105:23, 106:22 ) . It must be remembered besides that the Hebrew people lived in bondage in Egypt for over four hundred old ages. Coevals after coevals of Hebrew was born, lived, died and was buried in the land of the Egyptian. During this extended clip period there is indi cation of at least a smattering of Hebrew adult females being taken by Egyptian work forces for a married woman, and one of Pharaoh? s girls, Bithiah, married a Hebrew adult male, and their kids are included among the kins of Judah after the expatriate, in 1 Histories 4:17-18. Through all the coevalss that came and passed while in the land of Egypt it is certain that some of these people came out of the land with a assorted heritage. A perfect illustration of this assorted heritage is in the blood line of Moses. Many of the members of Moses? household bear distinctively Egyptian names, most notably: Aaron, Hophni, Merari, Miriam, Putiel, Phinehas, and even the name of Moses himself. While most of these names may perchance hold been picked by opportunity and non to propose Egyptian, or Negro blood, the name Phinehas stands out as a possible index of the black blood that ran in Moses household. Eleazar, Moses nephew through his brother Aaron, named his first born Phinehas ( Ex. 6:25 ) which literally means # 8220 ; the Nubian # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; the Negro. # 8221 ; In add-on to the possibility of black blood running in Moses? lineage it without a uncertainty ran through his posterities, through his Midian married woman Zipporah. At one point after the flight from Egypt, Aaron and Miriam really spoke unfavourably of Moses and his # 8220 ; Cu*censored*e # 8221 ; married woman, Zipporah ( Num. 12:1 ) . In Israel and Judah Through the clip of the Judges we continue to see the outgrowth of Egyptian heritage in the blood lines of Moses and Aaron. The history of Eli and his two boies, from Aaron? s line, in 1 Samuel chapters 1 and 2, shows another illustration of Hebrew leaders with distinctively Egyptian names. In fact, Eli? s boies are named Hophni and, interestingly plenty, Phinehas, once more proposing a unequivocal black visual aspect. During the period of the incorporate Israel, there are several mentions to African or Cu*censored*e adult females that occur during Solomon? s reign. First is the history of Solomon? s favourite married woman, and Egyptian adult female. Offered to Solomon as confidence of an confederation with Egypt ( 1 Kgs. 3:1 ) , this nameless married woman was really Pharaoh? s girl. Many suggest that this is the same maiden that is written of in Solomon? s Song of Songs. Although the true individuality of this married woman unknown, other theories associate her with Moses? Cu*censored*e married woman, or suggest that it may hold been Abishag the Shunammite virgin that was brought to King David to soothe him in his old age and who was so inherited by Solomon upon David? s decease. No affair what the existent name of the inaugural written of in Song of Songs, this adult female was most surely dark skinned ( SS 1:5-6 ) . The following history that we find sing a black person during the clip of the incorporate Israel is that history of the Queen of Sheba, given in both 1 Kings 10:1-13 and 1 Chronicles 9:1-12. This queen over a part most likely found in southwest Arabia or Africa was most decidedly of African descent and had heard of Solomon? s great wisdom spoken of in her land. She came to Israel with rather a noteworthy train, genuinely demoing her wealth and power. She spent some clip with King Solomon inquiring him all of the inquiries that had been on her head. There was nil that he could non explicate to her, and she left rather impressed with the male monarch. The visual aspect of this queen is surely important as it relates to the black presence in the bible, as this is the first black adult female shown in a noteworthy place of power, and she is portrayed in a most positive and respectable mode. Through the clip of the Prophetss during the split lands of Judah and Israel, the lone mention to people of a Negro blood outside of the assorted Hebrew race is limited to occupying ground forcess and prognostications sing the autumn of the great African lands of Egypt and Ethiopia. These invasions and prognostications continued after the autumn of Israel, during the staying being of Judah, but there are a few noteworthy references. In the book of Amos the people of Israel are compared to the Cu*censored*es of the Ethiopian imperium. Traditional Euro-centric scholarship has interpreted verse 9:7 to propose that the Lord is looking instead unfavourably upon Israel, comparing them to a distant and detested people. However, it does non take much excavation to recognize that the Ethiopian land was at its prime at the clip when Amos was vaticinating. In the context of the transition, where God is reflecting on all the times that he has blessed Israel and picked her out of the quag, it see ms more appropriate that the mention to the Cu*censored*es is made to connote that God has non left the people and in fact he seems to assure that he bless them in the same mode that he has blessed the Ethiopian imperium of that peculiar dynasty. The book of Zephaniah provides a alone expression at the black presence in the Old Testament, through the suggestion that the writer himself may be dark skinned. The family tree that is given in Zephaniah 1:1 hints his blood line back four coevalss to Hezekiah, most likely the Judean male monarch. The most interesting portion of the family tree is non, nevertheless, the possible relation of the prophesier to Hezekiah, but instead his male parent? s name, Cushi. As is the instance with any scriptural inquiry where there is no expressed mention to the adult male? s race, there are multiple theories that attempt to explicate the name, or the mention, or the inclusion of the family tree in a mode as to wipe out the presence of black blood in one of the writers of the Bible. However, it seems that we have already shown that the Hebrew race was a assorted race, and with the full cognition of the scriptural tradition of names keeping important significance, it seems no stretch of the imagin ativeness to propose that Cushi was in fact a native Judean, but more than that, he was a most likely a Judean who besides happened to be a black adult male. Knowing that Zephaniah was born to Cushi, it seems merely logical that he excessively would be a native black Judean adult male, who the Lord spoke through as one of the minor Prophetss. After the autumn of Judah, there seem to be no more outstanding figures spoken of who had a definite black heritage, but through the expatriate the prognostications abound refering Egypt and Ethiopia? s autumn and ulterior reemergence. However, it may be worthy to observe that this period of expatriate took topographic point in Babylonia, whose native people were straight descendant of Cush. What Does it Mean?# 8220 ; It appears in literature from many periods of Old Testament history: in historical histories and prophetic prophets ; in Psalms and in the literature of love, the Song of Songs. From slaves to swayers, from tribunal functionaries to writers who wrote parts of the Old Testament itself, from lawmakers to Prophetss, black peoples and their lands and single black individuals appear legion times. In the venas of the Hebrew-Isrealite-Judahite-Jewish people flowed black blood. # 8221 ; This quotation mark Charles B. Copher used to shut his survey on the presence of the black/Negro in the Old Testament, and it seems the most appropriate manner to shut this essay every bit good. The black adult male and the black adult female played a critical function in the narrative of God? s people. The Negro was a portion of the narrative non merely as a friend at times or enemies at others, break ones back one coevals and maestro the following, but the black races besides fre quently played the portion of brother and sister, male parent and female parent, boy and girl. The narrative of the Hebrew is non the narrative of a purely Caucasic race that lived contemning his distant Negro neighbours. Rather the narrative of the Hebrew is the narrative of a assorted race of people, non concerned with a colour defined race, but unified under a common God through good times and bad, whether slave or free. Bibliography Felder, Cain Hope. Stony the Road We Trod: African American Biblical Interpretation. Fortress Press: Minneapolis, MN. 1991 The Holy Bible: New International Version. Broadman A ; Holman Publishers: Nashville, TN. 1986 New Bible Dictionary: Third Edition. Inter-Varsity Press: Leicester, England. 1996 32d

The Ethical Issues Concerning Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ethical Issues Concerning Abortion - Essay Example Normally I would say it is a bad idea to totally base one’s argument of an assumption, and I think that that is usually a good rule of thumb to follow when constructing an argument, especially if there can be found a hole in your argument based on the assumption that you made right from the start! However, in this instance, I feel that her assumption if somewhat justified. The writer attempts to back up their argument by tossing around names of other people who believe as she does, and instead of trying to argue against them she decides to assume they are correct and argue with them. It is an interesting stylistic way to present an argument. It does solve the problem of having to argue that point, as she comes off right from the bat stating that she will not argue that and that the whole argument is based off the idea that is taken for an assumption. And while I originally thought it would be ineffective and not work well in the thought process of an argument, it ends up worki ng out quite well for the writer throughout the course of the article. It works for one reason, and it is because of this that I think it is justified to use that assumption. I can find no holes in that assumption, and it is a very fit and sound one to start off an argument. For is the whole abortion debate not over whether or not a fetus is a person? The whole idea is debated over whether or a not a fetus is a person unfit to kill or not, and the assumption that the whole argument is based off that is correct because that is the entirety of the abortion argument. Now, you might think that there is more to the argument than that, but the author debunks that idea in their next paragraph and states that this whole argument is going to be base on the ethics of abortion; not the subtleties that exist in various cases. And with these ideas, she starts up and opens what is followed by a very sound argument, one that totally supports the sound assumption it is based on. I found myself bein g impressed, as I originally was holding out to bust the earlier assumption, and soon found myself thinking that it really is all about the idea of a fetus and if they are in fact people or not. In the end, I believe it is a totally justifiable assumption, and it works exceedingly well in the course of the written argument, even though I did not think that to begin with.  Ã‚  

ALCESTIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ALCESTIS - Essay Example On Alcestis and Admetos’ wedding day, the groom is faced with imminent death for failing to sacrifice Artemis. To atone for this failure and avoid death, Admetos is forced to exchange his life for another person. However, to his disappointment, there is no one from his household who is willing to lay down their life for his. It is during this moment that Alcestis, his wife, offers to die for him. This paper aims to address the notion that Alcestis should have never died for Admetos, considering his character, was a serious mistake. Admetos was well aware of the customs, tradition and rites that were practiced by his people. His failure to perform the rite of sacrificing to Artemis, the god who determined an individual’s destiny, was an act of ignorance on his part. He should have followed the right protocol required of any man in his society when marrying. Admetos showed kindness and generosity towards his wife, but this does not justify that he should accept her sacrifice to die for him. He says, â€Å"Old men’s prayers for death are lying prayers, in which they abuse old age and long extent of life. But when death draws near, not one is willing to die, and age no longer is a burden to then (Euripides et al. 219). This is because his acts of kindness and generosity do not dictate or demand that his wife bear the burden if his mistakes. If Admetos truly loved his wife, he should not have allowed her to sacrifice herself for him, and this clearly illustrated when Apollo battles death to save Alce stis. When Apollo realizes that nobody, in the house of Admetos, gave their life for him apart from his wife, he rectifies the mistake done by rescuing Alcestis from Hades and restoring her back to life with the help of Heracles. It was a grave mistake for Alcestis, to lay down her life for Admetos because, even if she was his wife, he did not love her for his heart belonged to a god. The mistake is highlighted by Apollo’s act of setting out to rescue her from Hades

Hate Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hate Crimes - Essay Example These prejudices are not inborn but rather they are a result of the prejudices which children are exposed to through their families, friends, teachers and the media. This prejudices and biases lead to various stereotypes of different groups. Even the parenting style and personality factors were found to have an effect on the offenders of hate crimes. Creating a stereotype image of a certain group often lead to bad judgments. Hate crimes can be prevented if even at an early age, children are taught that not all people are alike, that each one is a unique person. As such, individuals must learn to respect and accept the diversity of people in communities. Bias and prejudices may not be totally eradicated but they should be kept at a level which does not develop into hate so as not to lead to violent crimes. Tolerance of other people’s differences must be instilled in children at an early age. The government has led the way in preventing hate crimes by making policies and regulations which prevent racial discrimination and promote equality especially in the workplace. Government should provide economic opportunities to minority groups since it is believed that there is a link between economics and hate crimes. Local community leaders must be more aware of the presence of extremist groups who are tremendously prejudiced against certain groups. Reading the chapter makes one think whether hate crimes can be prevented or at the very least, be minimized. Another question is whether there is a way of detecting a person who will most likely commit a hate crime and if detected, can he be swayed into doing otherwise? Is there a way of controlling or limiting one’s prejudices and biases so as not to move one from committing a hate

Dove and Axe Campaigns Controversy

Dove and Axe Campaigns Controversy Unilever: Axe / Dove Controversy Unilever is a leading multinational corporation which was formed by Anglo-Dutch cooperation in 1930 as a result of merging the Soap maker Lever brother and Dutch company Margarine Unie. The merger resulted to a large export of palm oil product which promoted the growth of the company. The Company has expanded since then opening branches all over the world. It has so many outlets in the world and has a large share of het world consumer product market with several brands in the catalog. The company also owns foods and beverage brands, cleaning brands and other personal care brands. The company has a large work force of more than 180,000 people in the world with revenue of more that US$58 billion. The company was established from Roternd and London companies which also act as the mother companies for all other branches in the world. (Unilever, 2008b) Recently the company has been engulfed in one of the most heated controversy in the history of business world arising from its advertisement. The company has been engaged in a various criticisms before but the recent one seems to have attracted the attention of unlikely quarters from politicians to the human reign activists. It has become a subject to social conversation all over the world due to its mode of advertisement. There have been many blogs in the internet that have been used against the company and its advertisement strategy especially the recent one Axe/dove advertisement which has attracted most criticism even before they make their impact on the market. The market of the two brands Axe and Dove have attracted the advocacy groups who have been campaigning for the need to have commercial-free childhood advertisements. The campaign has in form of writing several letters to the company in order to force it to withdraw the advertisement from the market. What is in the controversy about these products? The dove product advertisement has been used as a marketing strategy that is said to be promoting real beauty. In the advertisement there is a dove that is promising the girls a good care if they use the products. In this regard no one can understand how a dove can promise the girl a good care. The company has however described the advertisement as showing the need to have real beauty rather than acting as an advisement to encourage girls to use the products and has therefore started a campaign that is aimed at funning projects for girl child. But this is contradicted by another advertisement of its products Axe deodorant which has been described as having an effect of ‘epitomizing the sexist and degrading making that has been undermining girls’. This has been shone to be a potential harm to the health development of grid as contradicted to the other advertisement of the Dove which promotes health self-image for all women. (Newman, 2007) The company has been on the defense saying that the Dove brand is meant to show women the need of feel beautiful always which has been expressed by wide way in the today’s stereotyping of beauty and it is meant to inspire women to be taking car of them. For this reason the company has created Dove Self-Esteem Fund that is meant to educate and act as inspiration to girls. On the other hand the Axe campaign shows ‘the mating game’ and expressed the desire of men to get noticed by women. (High, 2007) The above advertisement has been causign a lot of criticisms for the company not only from the civil activists but also from political arena. It has been descried as the higher hypocrisy in marketing and there have been threat of taking of civil action by not allowing the Dove Fund to take seminars to school unless the Axe advertisement is changed. Let us analyze the effect of the advertisement and the impact they may have on the company and its businesses. SWOT analysis of the advertisement Being a large multinational company, there are several advantages that the company can enjoy amid such a criticism of the advertisement. At the same time there are some weakness in the controversy that may make the company lose its credibility in the market and therefore loss of sales. Let us look closely at the SWOT analyze of ht advertisement and their implications. Strengths Unilever is a large multinational company that has been in the market for along time now. In this regard, the company has been able to establish its operation in all the markets ands therefore it has a world wide appeal. Due to the fact that is has been able to operate in many countries, the controversy may not cause any effect on it sales. This is due to the fact that the company is known for famous brands that have been satisfying the needs of the consumers. Therefore there may not be many customers who will be affected by the controversy and who are likely to change their preference of its brands due to the controversy. Therefore the current controversy may not affect its international market though it may affect some of the regions where this campaign is concentrated. Those who are involved in the criticism may not be able to reach all the regions of the world. With such wide of brands in the market, the company sales may not be affected even if it withdraws just one brand in the market. (Pandya, 2001) The company has been able to cut a niche in the market and therefore no any amount of criticism that may destroy its images. There has been a new trend in the market where the value of a product is not evaluated by the level of criticism on the level of support that the products receive but by the level of individual satisfaction on the brand. For this reason a lot of people may not be looking at the controversy that has been created around the brands but they would rather focus on the effect fullness for the brands. Since there has not been any criticism about the product to the consumers, there is likelihood that it will not have effect on the marketing of the product. All the consumers of the brands have not presented any complain to the company about the effectfulnes of the brand and therefore they are likely to ignore any call not to use the brand. There could have been a negative effect on the marketing of the brand if there have been reported physical effects on the users. But the controversy is surrounding the advertisements and therefore it is not likely to have any effect on the marketing. In most cases the marketing of a product is affected by the effects of the particular product to the consumers. If the criticism is based on the health effect of the brands, it may have raised serious concerns about the marketing of the product but the controversy is centered about ‘hypocrisy’ which does not attract the attention for the uses of the products. Another strength that the company has on the position of the brand is in the target consumers. The company is targeting the young people who are likely to be influenced most by the advertisement. The specific target of ‘the mating game’ is one of the most influential things that are likely to attract many young people to the product. It should be understood that these young people do not understand the effects of what you can argue all day on ethics in advisement. They are simply attracted to what they can relate with and what makes them feel like others. Therefore they are not likely to change their perception about the product based on the criticism on the advertisement. (Georges, 1999) Most of those how are involved in the criticism are not within age bracket of the target customers of the products. Most of those who are involve in the criticism of the product are not young and even if they coordinate comparing to send letters to the company not many young people are likely to send their letters. Therefore the strength that the company has on this advertisement is that the target customers are not the one who are involved in the criticism and are not likely to change their perception of the products. This is not likely to have a negative effect on marketing of both brands to the target customers. (Unilever, 2007a) It has also been observed that not all people are in crisis of the campaign. Some have descried it as a genius market strategic that is likely to lead to high sales for the product. Therefore the company is likely to get positive support from those how do not see it in negative view. Weaknesses At the same time that are some weakness that are linked to the criticism that the company has been receiving. There is likelihood that the conflict will affect the image of the product in the market. The strength of the brand in the market depends on the positive notes that it receives from thee market. Positive notes are likely to affect the perception for the brand in the market by all consumers. It has been shown that bad perception on products is likely to have a negative impact on the sales. Therefore the more positive comment that a products receives from the market, the more positive impact it is likely to get from the market. In this regard, the criticism is likely to have negative impacts on the perception of the company in the market. In this sense the customers are likely to change their perception about the products of the company in the market. The company has been enjoying a good perception in the market based on the quality of products that it has been offering to the consumer. However this is changing with time as the consumer become more aware of their rights. one of the characteristic of modern consumers is that they have become more powerful in the market and are likely to have an impact on the way a company makes its sales. Therefore the current criticism of the company may impose a consumer led campaign that is likely to tarnish the name of the company. In this regard, the company is likely to lose a lot in case the consumers change their perception. (Golin, 2007) There is also a likelihood that the current controversy is likely to affect the sales of the product due to the influence the civil activists may have on the company. Most of those who are criticizing the company are parents who have a lot of influence on their children. As such they are likely to influence their children depending on the comments that they make about the products. In this regard they are likely to influence their children not to buy the products with the fact that most of them especially the females are unlikely to buy it. In this regard the brands are unlikely to acquire new customers. The survival of brand in the market depends on the way it attracts, and retains new consumers. With such criticism, the brands are not likely to attract new customers which may have an effect of reducing the overall consumption of the brand. (McManis, 2007) The criticism on the brand may extend it on other brands on the company. Once the costumers changes there perception about the company, they are likely to change their overall perception of the products of the company. In this sense the company may start recording low sales even on other brands. The increased use of information technology and the posting of the comments about the products in the internet are likely to attract the attention of more people which is likely to have damage on the reputation of the product in the market. In this regard there is likelihood of having a worldwide customer changed perception on the brands which is likely to affect their sales all over the world. The ‘onslaught’ videos that have been released on the crisis are likely to affect the operation of the company. Already there is a threat by civil groups that they will stop the Dove-Fund from holding seminars in schools and other area whether the company targets the young people. This is likely to have a negative effect on the programs of the company and in a way may lead to disruption of is normal flow of programs of a failure of the whole program all together. Opportunity There are a lot of opportunities that the company can still exploit in order to market its brand in the market. Already the company has clarified on the intention of the advertisements as being to encourage beauty and give women a reason to be more beautiful and the other being to show mating game and the desire for men to be also clean and attracted to women. In this regard the company has an opportunity to prove its critics wrong by appealing more to the target customer who may be affected by the controversy. The company has already started the Dove-Fund which is taking care of the education for girl. This is one of the opportunities which the company can use in order to clear the air about its products and the criticism that it is getting from the activists. This is because under the program the company would be making a direct appeal tot the consumer rather than the activists. The company should also start the same fund for men in order to embrace the youth. Through close interaction with the youth, the company is likely to presence the brands in the market and helps them to defy criticism of the brands. (Gillete, 2007) There is also an opportunity of the company to change the name of the brand or to change the whole advertising strategy before the brand has devastating effect in the market. In this regard the company can the name of the brand in the market or change the advertising strategies if it sees that the brands are likely to cause negative effects in the market. This will give the company a time to preserve the brands in the market and also preserve the name of the company in face of the rising criticism. The company can also produce another advertisement which contradicts the first ones and which gives a positive message as claimed by the activists. This would be in line with contradicting the issues that have been raised by the activists and to showing the genuinely of the company rather than the hypocrisy as has been expressed by the activists. This will help to save the company from the onslaught by the activists. Threats There are many threats the company may be facing as a result of the advertisements. First it is to be understood that this is no the first criticism of the company and it has been criticized on other areas of being unethical in business. For example the company has been criticized of buying palm oil from dealers who have been destructing forest cover. Therefore there is a threat of the current conflict attracting the attention of the consumer on all other conflicts that have been there about the company. This is likely to have a damaging effect on the name of the company especially at this time when the concept of ethics in business has taken root in consumers. (Moore, 2008) There is a threat of he company making loses on the brand and withdrawing them from the market which may affect the operation of the company not only in the domestic market but also in the international market.